Section 321.62. Service members civil relief; state active duty.

 

(1)   Definitions. In this section:

(a) “Court" means a Wisconsin circuit court, a Wisconsin court of appeals, or the Wisconsin supreme court.

(b) “Period of state active duty" means the period beginning on the date on which the service member receives an order to enter state active duty and ending on the date of the service member's release from state active duty or death while on state active duty.

(bm) “Public agency" means a county, city, village, town, public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district, lake sanitary district, or school district or an agency of this state or of a county, city, village, town, public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district, lake sanitary district, or school district.

(c) “Service member" means a member of the national guard or state defense force who is ordered into state active duty for 30 days or more.

(2)   Protection of persons secondarily liable.

(a) If this section results in the stay or suspension of any obligation, liability, court action, order, writ, or judgment, the court that issued the stay or suspension may grant the same remedy to sureties, guarantors, endorsers, and others subject to the obligation, liability, court action, order, writ, or judgment.

(b) If a service member is the principal on a criminal bail bond and his or her state active duty causes the surety upon the bond to be prevented from enforcing the attendance of the service member at court, the court shall not enforce the provisions of the bond during the service member's period of state active duty and may either during or after the period of state active duty discharge the surety and exonerate the bail.

(c) A surety, guarantor, endorser, or other person subject to the obligation, liability, court action, order, writ, or judgment under par. (a) or (b) may waive in writing the rights afforded by this subsection, except that the waiver is not valid unless the waiver is executed as an instrument separate from the obligation, liability, court action, order, writ, or judgment. The waiver under this paragraph is not valid after the beginning of the period of state active duty if executed by a service member who subsequently is ordered into state active duty. The waiver under this paragraph is not valid if executed by a dependent of a service member unless the waiver is executed during the period of state active duty.

(3)   Effect on rights under a written agreement. This section does not prevent the modification, termination, or cancellation of any contract, lease, bailment, or secured obligation, or the repossession, retention, foreclosure, sale, or forfeiture of property that is security for any obligation or which has been purchased or received under a contract, lease, or bailment under a written agreement of the parties if that agreement is executed during or after the period of state active duty.

(4)   Exercise of rights. No person may use the fact that a service member has applied for, or received, a stay, postponement, or suspension in the payment of a tax, fine, penalty, insurance premium, or other civil obligation or liability as the basis for doing any of the following:

(a) If the person is a lender, determining that the service member is unable to pay any such civil obligation or liability in accordance with the terms of the obligation or liability.

(b) If the person is a creditor, denying or revoking any credit extended to the service member, changing the terms of a credit agreement to which the service member is a party, or refusing to grant credit to the service member in substantially the amount or on substantially the terms requested by the service member.

(c) If the person is in the business of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information, making an adverse report on the creditworthiness of the service member.

(d) If the person is an insurer, refusing to insure the service member.

(5)   Default judgments, affidavits, and attorney representation.

(a) If, in any court action, there is a default of any appearance of the defendant, the plaintiff, when requesting a default judgment, shall file with the court an affidavit setting forth facts showing that the defendant is not in state active duty. If the plaintiff is unable to file such an affidavit, the plaintiff shall, when requesting a default judgment, file an affidavit setting forth that the defendant is in state active duty or that the plaintiff is unable to determine if the defendant is in state active duty. If an affidavit is not filed showing that the defendant is not in state active duty, a default judgment may not be entered without a court order. A court may not order the entry of a default judgment if the defendant is in state active duty until the court has appointed an attorney to represent the defendant and protect the defendant's interests. Unless the court determines that the defendant is not in state active duty, the court may require, as a condition of entering judgment, the plaintiff to file a bond to indemnify the defendant, if he or she is in state active duty, against any loss or damage resulting from the judgment if any part of the judgment is later set aside. The court may make any other order as may be necessary to protect the interests of the defendant under this section.

(b) If a judgment is rendered in a court action against a service member during the period of state active duty or within 30 days after the end of that period of state active duty, and it appears that the service member was prejudiced in making a defense by reason of his or her state active duty, the court may reopen that judgment if all of the following conditions exist:

1. The service member moves the court to reopen the judgment within 90 days after his or her period of state active duty ends.

2. The service member has a meritorious or legal defense to the action.

(c) Vacating, setting aside, or reversing a judgment under this subsection does not impair any right or title acquired by a bona fide purchaser for value under the judgment.

(d) Any person who shall make or use an affidavit required under this subsection that he or she knows to be false shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

(6)   Stay of action. During any stage of a court action in which a service member in state active duty is involved as a party, or within 60 days after the end of the period of state active duty, the court in which the action is pending may on its own motion, and shall, on application of the service member or some person acting on behalf of the service member, stay the action unless the court determines that the service member's ability to represent his or her interest in the action is not materially affected by reason of his or her state active duty.

(7)   Stay or vacation of executions or attachments. In any court action that is commenced against a service member before or after entering state active duty, or within 60 days after the period of state active duty ends, the court may on its own motion, and shall, on application of the service member or some person acting on behalf of the service member, stay the execution of any judgment or order entered against the service member, or stay or vacate any attachment or garnishment regarding the service member's property, unless the court determines that the service member's ability to comply with the judgment or order is not materially affected by reason of his or her state active duty.

(8)   Duration and terms of stays.

(a) Any stay of any action, attachment, execution, or garnishment under this section may be ordered for the period of the state active duty and 90 days after that period has ended, or for any part of that time.

(b) Any stay under par. (a) may be subject to such terms as may be just, including the payment of installments in an amount and at the times that the court determines.

(c) If the service member is a codefendant in an action, the plaintiff may, by leave of the court, proceed against the other codefendants.

(9)   Statutes of limitations. The period of state active duty may not be included in computing any period for the bringing of any action or proceeding in any court or before any public agency by or against a person in state active duty or by or against his or her heirs, personal representatives, or assigns, whether the cause of action or proceeding or the right to bring the action or proceeding accrued before or during the period of state active duty.

(10)   Maximum interest rate. No obligation or liability bearing interest at a rate in excess of 6 percent per year incurred by a service member in state active duty before his or her entry into that duty may, during any part of the period of state active duty, bear interest in excess of 6 percent per year except by court order. If, upon application by an obligee, a court determines that the ability of the service member to pay interest upon the obligation or liability at a rate in excess of 6 percent per year is not materially affected by reason of his or her state active duty, the court may make any order that is just. In this subsection, “interest" includes service charges, renewal charges, fees, or other charges, other than insurance, in respect to the obligation or liability.

(11)   Eviction stay.

(a) No eviction may be made during the period of state active duty in respect to any premises for which the agreed rent does not exceed the amount specified in 50 USC App. 531, occupied chiefly for dwelling purposes by the spouse, children, domestic partner under ch. 770 , or other dependents of a service member who is in state active duty, except upon order of a court in an action affecting the right of possession.

(b) In an action for eviction under par. (a) , the court may on its own motion, and shall, on application of the service member or some person acting on behalf of the service member, stay the proceedings for not longer than 90 days unless the court determines that the ability of the tenant to pay the agreed rent is not materially affected by the state active duty. The court may make any other order in the eviction action as it considers necessary and just. If a stay or order is issued under this paragraph, the court may, upon the request of the owner of the premises, make any other order as may be applicable to conserve the interests of all of the parties.

(c) Any person who knowingly takes part in any eviction prohibited under par. (a) except as provided in this subsection, or attempts to do so, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than 9 months or both.

(12)   Action to enforce obligation secured by mortgage.

(a) In this subsection, “obligation" means an obligation of a service member in state active duty that was incurred before the service member's period of state active duty began and that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or other security in the nature of a mortgage on real or personal property that is owned by the service member.

(b) If a court action against a service member is commenced during the service member's period of state active duty to enforce an obligation for nonpayment of any sum due or for any other breach of terms occurring before or during the service member's period of state active duty, the court shall hold a hearing on the matter. Unless the court determines that the service member's ability to comply with the terms of the obligation is not materially affected by reason of his or her state active duty, the court on its own motion may, or upon application of the service member or another person on his or her behalf shall, do any of the following:

1. Stay the action as provided in this section.

2. Make such other disposition of the case as the court determines is equitable to the interests of all parties.

(c)

1. Notwithstanding the times provided in ss. 846.10 , 846.101 , 846.102 , and 846.103 for sales of real property, no foreclosure, sale, or seizure of property for nonpayment of any sum due or for any other breach of terms is valid if it occurs during or within 90 days after the service member's period of state active duty, unless the court ordered the foreclosure, sale, or seizure of property before the beginning of the service member's period of state active duty and approves the foreclosure, sale, or seizure after it occurs.

2. Any person who knowingly causes a foreclosure, sale, or seizure of property that is invalid under subd. 1. shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

(13)   Personal property contracts. When an action to resume possession of personal property, or to rescind or terminate a contract for the purchase of personal property, has been stayed under this section, the court may appoint 3 disinterested persons to appraise the property. Based upon the report of the appraisers, and unless undue hardship would result to the dependents of the service member in state active duty, the court may order that a sum be paid to the service member as a condition of resuming possession of the property or rescinding or terminating the contract.

(14)   Termination of leases by lessees.

(a) This subsection applies to a lease to which all of the following apply:

1. The lease was executed by or on behalf of a service member who entered state active duty after the lease was executed.

2. The lease covers premises that are occupied for dwelling, professional, business, agricultural, or similar purposes by the service member, or the service member and his or her dependents.

(b) A lease to which this subsection applies may be terminated by the service member at any time after the beginning of the service member's period of state active duty by giving notice in writing by personal delivery or first class mail to the landlord or the person who has been receiving rent or managing the property as the landlord's agent.

(c) If the lease provides for monthly payment of rent, termination shall be effective 30 days after the first date on which the next rental payment is due and payable after the date on which the notice is delivered or mailed. In any other case, all of the following apply:

1. Termination shall be effective on the last day of the month after the month in which the notice was delivered or mailed.

2. Any unpaid rent for the period preceding termination shall be computed on a prorated basis.

3. The landlord or the landlord's agent shall refund to the service member any rent paid in advance that applies to the period after termination.

(d) Upon application of a landlord after receiving notice under this subsection and before the lease termination date provided for in this subsection, a court may make such modifications to or restrictions on the relief granted in this subsection as the court determines are appropriate under the circumstances.

(e) No person may knowingly seize or retain personal property belonging to a service member who lawfully terminates a lease under this subsection, or in any manner interfere with the removal of the service member's personal property from the premises covered by the lease, for the purpose of subjecting the personal property to a claim for rent accruing after the termination of the lease. Any person who violates this paragraph shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

(f) Section 704.29 does not apply to the termination of a lease as provided in this subsection.

(15)   Storage liens.

(a) Notwithstanding s. 704.90 , no person may enforce a lien for storage of any household goods, furniture, or personal effects of a service member during the period in which the service member is in state active duty and for 90 days after the member's completion of state active duty, except as permitted by a court order under par. (b) .

(b) No person may exercise any right to foreclose or enforce a lien for the storage of household goods, furniture, or personal effects of a service member during the service member's period of state active duty and for 90 days after that period ends except upon an order of the court. In an action under this paragraph, the court, after a hearing, may on its own motion, and shall, on application of the service member or some person acting on behalf of the service member, stay the proceeding or make such other order as may be equitable to conserve the interests of all parties, unless the court determines that the ability of the service member to pay storage charges due is not materially affected by his or her state active duty.

(c) Any person who violates par. (a) may be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

(16)   Dependent benefits. Upon application to the court, a dependent of a service member is entitled to the same benefits given to a service member while in state active duty, unless the court determines that the ability of the dependent to comply with the terms of an obligation, contract, lease, or bailment is not materially impaired by reason of the service member's state active duty.

(17)   Transfers or acquisitions. If a court determines that any interest, property, or contract has been transferred or acquired with the intent to delay the enforcement of a civil right by taking advantage of this section, the court shall enter any judgment or make any order that is just, notwithstanding the provisions of this section.

(18)   Certificate of state active duty; person reported missing.

(a) In any action or proceeding under this section, a certificate signed by the adjutant general or a person designated by the adjutant general as to the period of state active duty of a service member shall be evidence as to any of the following facts unless shown to be incorrect:

1. That the service member named has been in state active duty.

2. The period of the state active duty, including the date the service member was ordered into state active duty.

3. The monthly pay received by the service member in state active duty at the time the certificate was issued.

4. If the service member died while in state active duty, the date and the place where he or she died.

(b) The adjutant general shall provide the certificate under par. (a) upon request of the service member or of a person acting on behalf of the service member or his or her estate, and any certificate so provided shall be evidence of the facts stated in the certificate and of the authority of the signer to issue the certificate unless shown to be incorrect.

(c) When a service member in state active duty has been reported missing to the department, the service member shall be presumed to continue in state active duty until accounted for, and no period limited under this section which begins or ends with the death of a service member shall begin or end until the death of the service member is determined by the department or by a court.

(19)   Interlocutory orders. A court may revoke, modify, or extend any interlocutory order made by the court under this section, upon the court's own motion or on the motion of a party, upon such notice to the parties as the court may require.

(20)   Stay of enforcement of obligations or liabilities.

(a) A service member may, at any time during his or her period of state active duty, or within 180 days after that duty ends, apply to a court for relief with respect to any obligation or liability incurred by the service member before his or her period of state active duty. The court, after appropriate notice and hearing, may grant the following relief unless the court determines that the ability of the service member to comply with the terms of the obligation or liability has not been materially affected by his or her state active duty:

1. In the case of an obligation payable in installments under a contract for the purchase of real estate, or secured by a mortgage upon real estate, a stay of the enforcement of the obligation during the period of state active duty and, from the date of the end of the period of state active duty or from the date of requesting the relief if made after the state active duty is ended, for a period equal to the period of the remaining life of the installment contract or instrument evidencing the obligation plus a period of time equal to the period of state active duty, or any part of that combined period. The court may issue a stay under this paragraph if the service member makes payments of the balance of the principal and accumulated interest due and unpaid at the date of the end of the period of state active duty or from the date of requesting the relief, whichever is appropriate, in equal installments during the combined period and at the rate of interest as is prescribed in the contract or instrument evidencing the obligation for installments paid when due. The court may order other terms under this paragraph as are just.

2. In the case of any other obligation or liability, a stay of the enforcement of that obligation or liability during the service member's period of state active duty and, from the date of the end of the period of state active duty or from the date of requesting the relief if made after the duty is ended, for a period equal to the period of state active duty or any part of that period. The court may issue a stay under this paragraph if the service member makes payments of the balance of the principal and accumulated interest due and unpaid at the date of the end of the period of state active duty or from the date of requesting the relief, whichever is appropriate, in equal installments during the extended period and at the rate of interest as is prescribed for the obligation or liability when due. The court may order other terms under this paragraph as are just.

(b) When a court has granted a stay under this subsection, no penalty may accrue during the period that the terms and conditions of the stay are complied with by reason of the failure to comply with the terms or conditions of the obligation or liability in respect to which the stay was granted.

(21)   Power of attorney extension for missing service member.

(a) A power of attorney that was duly executed by a service member that is reported missing to the department and that designates the service member's spouse, parent or named relative as his or her attorney-in-fact for specified, or all, purposes, and that expires after the service member is reported missing, is extended for the period that the service member is missing.

(b) No power of attorney executed by a service member in state active duty may be extended under par. (a) if the document creating the power of attorney clearly indicates that the power granted expires on the date specified even if the service member, after the date of execution of the document, is reported missing to the department.

(22)   Professional liability protection.

(a)

1. If a service member who is ordered into state active duty has coverage under a professional liability insurance policy that does not cover claims filed with respect to the service member during the period of state active duty unless the premiums are paid for the coverage for that period, the insurer that provides the coverage shall suspend the service member's coverage under the policy upon receipt of a written request from the service member to do so. The insurer may not require that premiums be paid for the suspended coverage. The insurer shall refund any premium amount already paid for coverage of the service member for the period after the coverage is suspended or shall, at the option of the service member, apply such amount to payment of any premium that becomes due upon reinstatement of the coverage.

2. Subdivision 1. does not require the suspension of coverage for any other person who has coverage under the policy and who is not a service member ordered into state active duty or relieve any person of the obligation to pay premiums for coverage that is not required to be suspended under subd. 1.

(b)

1. Subject to subd. 2. , an insurer that suspends coverage under par. (a) is not liable with respect to any claim that is based on the professional conduct, including the failure to take an action in a professional capacity, of the service member that occurs while the service member's professional liability coverage is suspended under this subsection.

2. For purposes of subd. 1. , a claim that is based on the failure of a professional to make adequate provision for the care of patients during the professional's period of state active duty shall be considered to be based on an action or the failure to take action before the beginning of the period during which coverage is suspended under this subsection, unless professional services were provided after the date on which the suspension of coverage began.

(c)

1. If a service member whose professional liability insurance coverage is suspended under par. (a) transmits to the insurer, within 30 days after the date on which the service member is released from state active duty, a written request for reinstatement of his or her professional liability insurance coverage, the insurer must reinstate the coverage as of the date on which the insurer receives the written request. The period for which the coverage must be reinstated may not be less than the balance of the period for which the coverage would have continued under the policy had the coverage not been suspended.

2. Upon receipt of the written request under subd. 1. , the insurer shall notify the service member of the due date for paying the premium for the insurance, and the service member shall pay the premium within 30 days after receiving the notice. For the minimum period of reinstatement required under subd. 1. , the insurer may not increase the amount of the premium over the amount that was chargeable before the suspension of the coverage for that period, except to the extent of any general increase in premiums charged by the insurer for the same professional liability coverage for persons similarly covered by such insurance during the period of the suspension.

(d)

1. Any action or proceeding in any court or before any public agency based on the alleged professional negligence or other professional liability of a service member whose professional liability insurance coverage has been suspended under par. (a) shall be stayed until the end of the period of suspension if all of the following apply:

a. The action or proceeding was commenced during the period of suspension.

b. The action or proceeding is based on an act or omission that occurred before the date on which the period of suspension began.

c. The professional liability insurance policy would, except for the suspension, on its face cover the alleged professional negligence or other professional liability of the service member.

2. Whenever an action or proceeding is stayed under subd. 1. , the action or proceeding shall be considered to have been filed on the date on which the service member's coverage is reinstated under par. (c) 1.

3. In any action or proceeding in which a stay may be granted under subd. 1. , the period during which the professional liability insurance coverage is suspended may not be included in computing any limitations period for commencing the action or proceeding.

(e) If a service member whose professional liability insurance coverage is suspended under par. (a) dies during the period of suspension, all of the following apply:

1. The requirement to stay any action or proceeding under par. (d) 1. terminates on the date of the service member's death.

2. The insurer that suspended the coverage is liable for any claim for damages for the professional negligence or other professional liability of the deceased service member in the same manner and to the same extent as the insurer would be liable if the service member had died while covered by the insurance but before the claim was filed.

(23)   Notice of benefits under this section. The department shall provide each service member a brochure explaining this section when that service member enters state active duty.

2001 a. 24 , 105 ; 2003 a. 69 ; 2005 a. 149 ; 2007 a. 200 ss. 148 to 172 ; Stats. 2007 s. 321.62; 2009 a. 28 ; 2011 a. 143 ; 2015 a. 55 , 195 .

Note

Par. (bm) is created eff. 7-1-17 by 2015 Wis. Act 55 . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sub. (9) is shown as amended eff. 7-1-17 by 2015 Wis. Act 55 . Prior to 7-1-17 it reads: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 (9) Statutes of limitations. The period of state active duty may not be included in computing any period for the bringing of any action or proceeding in any court or before any public agency, as defined in s. 36.54 (2) (a) 2., by or against a person in state active duty or by or against his or her heirs, personal representatives, or assigns, whether the cause of action or proceeding or the right to bring the action or proceeding accrued before or during the period of state active duty. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Subd. 1. (intro.) is shown as amended eff. 7-1-17 by 2015 Wis. Act 55 . Prior to 7-1-17 it reads: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Any action or proceeding in any court or before any public agency, as defined in s. 36.54 (2) (a) 2., based on the alleged professional negligence or other professional liability of a service member whose professional liability insurance coverage has been suspended under par. (a) shall be stayed until the end of the period of suspension if all of the following apply: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1